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英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第一篇

Good morning， Distinguished professors and teachers， ladies and gentlemen， thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost， I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor， professorXX， for his intellectual guidance， invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative， evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part， the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part， and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you! (二) Good morning， all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance， I have finished my paper. Now， it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard， the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts， I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第二篇

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am *** and my supervisor is prof.***. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第三篇

實習報告答辯工作實施方案（一）

為了加強對我系學生畢業頂崗實習的指導，更好地檢驗學生的頂崗實習效果，規范實習學分認定，對2014級學生采取頂崗實習報告現場答辯形式，以此作為實習學分認定的重要依據。

一、答辯時間：

1、14級的答辯及地點：

4月23日（周日）上午9:00---11:30;下午14:20---16:00.

（具體時間分配名單見附件一）

（請按具體的上下午時間準時到，安排為上午答辯的同學若下午到，老師有權拒絕答辯）

2、12級和13級的答辯時間及地點：

4月23日（周日）下午15:00---16:30,7教209和210教室。

12、13級同學達到簽到后具體再分配答辯教室。

二、答辯地點：

貴陽職業技術學院旅游管理系。（具體教室分配名單見附件一）

三、參加答辯學生名單：（具體人員名單見附件一）

1、已按學院《頂崗實習手冊》規定完成6個月頂崗實習學習任務的同學。

2、赴臺灣研修學習的同學，以學習報告形式答辯。

3、參加導游資格考試的同學，提交xxx導游資格證xxx,可免試。

4、已入伍參軍的同學，提交xxx入伍通知書xxx的相關證明材料，可免試。

四、答辯要求：

1、提交以下紙質材料：

（1）實習周記一套，24周，每周，共2；赴臺學習的同學不需要提交實習周記，該部分成績以臺灣學習所認定的成績來認定；

（2）實習報告一式三份；

（3）實習單位鑒定（需蓋實習單位公章，實習單位需與申請實習單位相同。）

2、準備答辯ppt一份，ppt需要圖文并茂。

3、答辯內容：頂崗實習工作內容（臺灣院校內容）、頂崗實習收獲（臺灣院校學習收獲）等。

4、答辯成績認定方式：現場答辯與實習報告、實習周記審閱相結合。

5、未通過答辯的同學要按照答辯小組意見修改實習報告。在4月24日上午10點在201進行第二次答辯。（具體時間另行通知）

五、答辯程序：

1、學生須提前15分鐘到答辯地點；

2、答辯組長宣布答辯開始；

3、答辯者簡短自述：自我介紹（名字、實習工作）；

4、答辯人陳述：答辯者用圖文并茂的ppt形式，5--10分鐘介紹實習報告的主要內容；

5、提問和答辯：答辯教師審查實習報告的真實性，答辯者回答答辯組提出的3-5個問題。

六、報告要求：

1、報告內容：

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第四篇

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee am xsj and my supervisor is zy. With his sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Heavenly War and Earthly Conflict, an Insight into John Milton's Paradise Lost. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this story as one of texts in British and American literature Selections. Last but not least, I am keen on the study of human nature and the profound significance and instructions for us from John Milton. For the above facts, I select the Heavenly war and earthly conflict an insight into John Milton's Paradise Lost as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this great poem we can know more about this Literature masterpiece,and I also want to show my own understanding about it.

Next, here is an outline of my presentation and I devide my paper into four parts. Part one presents an introduction of John Milton and Paradise Lost. Part two introduces the main contents of the book of Paradise Lost. Part three gives my own analysis of major characters in Paradise Lost. Part four draws some conclusions by my careful reading and thinking.

OK, that is all. Thank you. Now you may raise your questions. I am ready.

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第五篇

一Opening Speech

Good morning professors and teachers. Thank you for attending my speech. My name is Li Donglei.

I am honored to stand here. First I want to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Cai Sulu. It is with her valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

Today my topic is Stylistic features and Translation Techniques of English Business Contracts .The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.

The first part will give a brief introduction of the importance of English business contracts and its translation in the global trading. And the second part is going to analyze the stylistic features of English Business Contracts in specific. As to the third part, I am going to talk about the

translation theory of the contract. And the fourth part is about the translation techniques. Then I will sum up the whole paper to make a general conclusion in the fifth part. At last, I will list out all the references I have referred to in the paper.

三The introduction

To meet the globalization business environment, the English business contracts with its unique characters are playing a decisive role in the international trades. In this point, a deep understanding of the style features of English business contracts is needed, which can help to promote the development of international business activity.

Now let’s go into more details.

四Go to the second part(不讀)

Here comes to our first main stage: the Literary Style features of English Business

Contracts to analyze it more thoroughly, I have divided it into three points.

Formal Words

One of the main features of English business contract is the usage of formal words. English business contract adopts a set of formal expressions to do its utmost to avoid misunderstanding. It can be clearly proved by comparing Column A with Column B in the following table.

Terminology

When we referred to the lexical features of it, I think we should put much attention to the using of terminology; even some normal words can have their special meanings in some certain environment. I have listed a number of them in the table below, now I want to use “balance” as an example. (按出例子) What’s the meaning of “balance”? “平衡”or”余額” in this sentence,?Both are incorrect, Here, “balance” is a terminology of business contract, it means “順差”. So well understandings of some terminologies are required in translation.

Old-fashioned Words

There are a lot of Old-fashioned Words used in the business contracts such as: herein”, “thereafter”, “whereby”, and so on. I don’t want to talk about it further .

Outside Words

Because of some historical reasons, English words are consisted of many foreign words, most of which are used in the formal occasions.

Because of the time limits, I have to quit(pass) those examples. if you are interested in them, I can present the ppt to you after the speech.

Statement Sentence

Besides lexical features, syntactic features are also very important in the English business contract. If you want to know more details, welcome to read my paper, page (9).

Passive Voice and Active Voice Sentences

The combine using of active and passive sentences can help writers to emphasize their thoughts, at the same time, readers can find the main points more easily.

Long and Complex Sentence

The long and complex sentences are frequently adopted here. This sentence is a typical example. (按出例子)

Here we use “such as” to list out many typical unforeseen events, thus the reader of this contract can have a better understanding of the whole article, which can help to avoid many unnecessary misunderstandings.

Application of the Legal Format

English business contract is a legal document; we should consider every possibility. Here similar usages always appeared in those legal documents.

About“Or” usage method

From the grammatical level, it can be found in the same construction of the

sentences, such as the following examples extracted from the English business contract. In this example, “or”, commas and semicolons are the tools frequently used in English foreign trade contracts form a parallel structure.

Translation principles

You see, my title contains two parts, and we have just finished the first part, now let’s go to the rest.

There are four rules to follow, Accuracy, Compactness, Standardization and fluency .besides all the four points, the whole passage must be understood easily, and confined the original meanings to readers.

Requirements of translations

To be a good translator, we must have those four skills First, a strong sense of responsibility;

Second, a well handle of the two languages;

Third, a good knowledge of the subject concerned;

The last, a good balance of theory and practice in translation.

Word and its Translation

Words are the basic elements of a passage; besides common and specialized meanings, polysemy is also a very common phenomenon. What’s more, to translate more exactly, sometimes we need to use some traditional Chinese expressions.

Sentence and its Translation.

從six techniques 開始念，然后說 what’s the meaning of embedding? The meaning of embedding is to match. Because of the time limits, I have to quit(pass) those examples.

Text and its Translation

To the text translation level, we should pay attention to the meaning of a whole contract, besides we can turn to some translation templates for help.

Conclusion

This is the end of my speech. In the first part, I have given a brief introduction of the style features of English business contract including lexical, syntactic and textual features.

And the second is mainly about the translation techniques, all the rules can be summarized in four words ”faithfulness”; ”accuracy”; ”conciseness(簡明) “and ”conventionalization(慣例化)”.

1What are the main features (lexical feature, textual feature)of English business contracts?

答：In my opinion, I think it’s the lexical feature. Because business contract act as

a formal and legal document. And the usage of words can well reflect its unique characters, which is the main difference from others.

2What is terminology? Can you further explain your example here?

答：: In the English business contract, the terminology often related to areas like: commerce, trade, finance and law etc. Since I have used “balance” as an example in my PPT, now I want to use the word “CLAIM” to do some further explanation. Here comes an example:

We consider it difficult to file a claim against the manufacturers. Usually when referred to, claim means “要求;聲稱” But here it has a new meaning”索賠”. So this sentence can be translated like this: 我們認為向廠家提出索賠有些困難。

3Can you sum up translation techniques of English business contracts?

答：I am going to sum up translation techniques of English business contracts in four words:” faithfulness”; ”accuracy”; ”conciseness(簡明) “and ”conventionalization(慣例化)”.

4Where did you get these business contracts as your research material?

答: There are many available resources around us. Every week, after work, I would go to the school library to find some related books, besides thanks to the invention of computer, I can find many valuable helps there, what’s more, since I am working in a

bank ,there are many opportunities for me to look into this area.

5Many people have done research in this field, what is new about your essay?

答：Truly this topic is not new anymore. But in my paper, I have added some my own styles.

The problem was analyzed in three levels,

First, I analyzed the usage of words in contracts carefully; the paper has referred to every aspect of words, such as Formal Words, Terminology, borrowed Words and so on.

Second, I have put forward the Translation theory of English Business Contract. And all the important aspects in translation of words, sentences and texts levels.

At last I analyzed the strategies of translations.

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第六篇

Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class * * * *, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》，thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.

First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.

Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements^. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.

Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.

Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.

The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.

Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.

The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.

Thank you very much!

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第七篇

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第八篇

Opening Speech

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：

I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).

上面幾段，因為有校外上班族過來旁聽，所以用了一個ladies and gentlemen

The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第九篇

Comparative study between English and Chinese Idioms

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words.

Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all.

Thank you.

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第十篇

畢業論文開題報告答辯沒去參加該怎么辦呢?一般老師會安排下一次再答辯，或者直接聯系輔導員更好一點。

開題答辯常問的問題.關于畢業論文翻譯類開題報告的填寫

研究綜述從翻譯研究行為的現狀、進展和意義出發點出目前此類研究工作的現狀與進展特別是目前漢越互譯研究的現狀和進展本人進行研究的意義對漢越翻譯能力的綜合檢驗與手段升華專業綜合應用能力。

研究的主要內容指自己翻譯的作品的主要內容要求列出框架和提綱或翻譯作品的主要內容。 寫作方法和步驟主要從寫作翻譯技巧、分階段目標步驟闡述。

2.關于畢業論文論文寫作類開題報告的填寫

請大家參照以前下發的模板。

3.關于論文開題答辯

可采用中文與越南語結合方式進行。

備注開題報告表中內容要求嚴格按照要求填寫請正反面打印壓縮在兩頁以內。模板中的指導教師意見一欄可不填但落款時間要填寫。

附件廣西師范大學漓江學院本科生畢業論文設計開題報告模板

論文設計題目

淺析越南柴油機市場現狀及發展前景

研究綜述前人的研究現狀、進展及意義

由于經濟落后越南機械制造業基礎薄弱工農業機械制造如柴油機等多年來均未形成完善的大規模的生產。隨著經濟的發展越南各行各業對柴油機的需求日益增大柴油機市場發展仍然潛力巨大。越南市場對柴油機的需求和越南柴油機行業的發展狀況給我國有關廠家提供了機遇同時也提出了挑戰。關于越南柴油機市現狀與發展前景這一課題國內學者曾有所研究但不夠系統和全面且所依據的資料也比較陳舊。本文擬根據最新資料和本人所進行的市場調查分析總結影響越南柴油機市場發展的因素以及應該注意的問題提出自己的觀點作為參考希望能對國內廠家在越南柴油機市場開展業務有所幫助。

研究的主要內容和擬采用的方法、步驟

研究內容

i.簡單介紹越南機械的背景及發展狀況

ii.介紹越南柴油機市場供需現狀

市場需求情況

市場供給情況

近年來國內柴油機進出口情況

iii、越南柴油機市場容量預測

農業機械化需求

交通發展影響

電力行業發展影響

造船工業影響

iv.結論

擬采用的方法

英語翻譯報告答辯范文 第十一篇

good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

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